In-house prepared high fat diet [HFD] can causes an increase in body weight of male albino wistar rats in a short period of 2-3 weeks

The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of the in-house prepared high fat diet [HFD] on body weights of rats. Comparative, Experimental Study. The study was conducted at Institute of Basic Medical Sciences [IBMS], Dow University of Health Sciences [DUHS], Ojha Campus, Karachi in a period of 2-3 weeks. The study was conducted on 20 male albino Wistar rats which were randomized into 2 groups: each group containing 10 rats. HFD-fed rats were kept on in-house prepared HFD and wate ad libitum throughout the study. While control/ Non-HFD fed rats were kept on standard diet and water. SPSS [version 16.0] was used in the study analysis. The mean difference in body weights of rats was analyzed by using ANOVA.. The results are expressed as mean +/- SD. The results report that there is statistically significant difference [P-value <0.001] between HFD-fed and non HFD-fed groups. HFD-fed group gained significant weight when fed an in-house prepared diet in comparison to non HFD-fed group in 2-3 weeks

Vitamin-E: anti-ulcer activity; beyond the antioxidant functions

To evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of vitamin-E on caecal ulcerogenicity of Diclofenac sodium in Albino rats. A prospective experimental study Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre Karachi during 2003. Diclofenac sodium and Vitamin-E were administered to Albino Rats separately and simultaneously at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight [for each drug] orally once daily for two weeks. These animals were sacrificed, Caeca were identified and removed, opened along mesenteric border and examined under dissecting microscope for dilatation of the blood vessels, blood streaks and hemorrhagic areas. The caeca were fixed in 10% formalin, Embedded in paraplast, 4 um thick sections were cut on rotary microtome, stained with Haematoxylin and eosin stains. The histomorphological Features of caecal mucosa were compared with those in the control animals and analyzed statistically. The study revealed that simultaneous use of vitamin-E administration with [NSAIDs] produced Anti-ulcer activity in caecal ulcers of albino Rats. The results suggest that vitamin-E produced anti-ulcer activity in Caecal ulcers of albino rats

see the gross qualitative parameters such as general appearance of rats and their testes after long and short term use of sildenafil citrate

To see the gross qualitative parameters such as general appearance of rats and their testes after long and short term use of Sildenafil Citrate. As very little attention has been given to explore the effects of a sildenafil citrate on histological aspects of testes, hence this experimental study was designed to check whether the drug which is being used indiscriminately in our country and abroad is safe or it has any harmful effect on the architecture of rat testis. Experimental Study. This study was conducted in departments of Anatomy and Histopathology Shaikh Zayed Hospital Lahore for a period of six weeks from 02.05.2008 to 17.06.2008. Sample size consisted of 45 animals, divided into Group A [Control], Group B and C [Experimental], Each group was consisting of 15 animals. Physical examination of rats and their testis was done every day by the author himself and recorded. After giving drug, on inspection of rats all the animals were active and healthy and the gross appearance of the testes was normal except in an animal, in which the testes were smaller than the associates of the same group. Eating habits of all the animals were normal, taking food and water freely. After half an hour of giving the drug, they were mounting over each other and looked aggressive. The comparison of all the groups, A vs B, A vs C and B vs C remained statistically non -significant [P>0.05]. No significant difference was observed in qualitative parameters [general appearance] of the rats and their testes after giving sildenafil citrate

Effects of the diclofenac sodium [NSAID] on collagen connective tissue fibres in caecal mucosa of albino rats

To evaluate the effects of diclofenac sodium [NSAID] on Collagen connective tissue fibers of albino rats. An animal study carried on experimental albino rats. An animal study carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute [BMSI], Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre [JPMC], Karachi. Diclofenac sodium was administered to male albino rats at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight orally once daily for two weeks. These animals were sacrificed, Caeca were identified and removed, opened along mesenteric border, fixed in alcoholic formalin. Embedded in paraplast, 4 um thick sections were cut on rotary microtome, stained with Mallory's trichrome Connective tissue stain. The histomorphological features of caecal mucosa were compared with those in the control animals. The study revealed that diclofenac sodium administration produced and increased amount of Collagen connective tissue fibers forming a sub-epithelial collagen band in caecal mucosa of albino Rats. The results suggest that diclofenac sodium causes. Severe caecal mucosal damage in albino rats

Protective role of anti-oxidant against caecal ulcerogenicity by diclofenac sodium in albino rats

To evaluate the protective role of vitamin-E [alpha-tocopherol] on caecal ulcerogenicity of diclofenac sodium administration in albino rats. An animal study carried on experimental albino rats. The study was carried out in the department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from 2001 to 2002. Diclofenac sodium and vitamin-E were administered to male albino rats separately and simultaneously at a dose of 2 mg/kg/body weight [for each drug] orally once daily for two weeks. These animals were sacrificed. Caeca were identified and removed, opened along mesenteric border, stretched and examined under dissecting microscope. The severity of erosions and ulcers was rated according to an arbitrary scale of Bonta. The caecum was then fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraplast. 4 micro m thick sections were cut on rotary microtome and stained with haematoxylin and eosin [H and E]. The histomorphological features of caecal mucosa were compared with those in the control animals and analyzed statistically. The study revealed that diclofenac sodium administration in albino rats produced ulcerative changes in caecal mucosa and simultaneously vitamin-E protected caecal ulcerogenicity. These results suggest that diclofenac sodium causes severe caecal mucosal damage in albino rats, however, could be protected by simultaneous administration of vitamin-E in albino rats

Role of losartan in diabetic nephropathy

Based on World Health Organization statistics, the worldwide prevalence of diabetes is expected to increased from an estimated 155 million in the year 2000 to 300 million in 2025. Diabetic nephropathy is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and is now among the most common causes of end stage renal failure [ESRF] in the developed countries. Renin angiotensin system has been implicated in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy and associated complications due to its specific effects on intra-glomerular blood flow, resistance and general effects. In this clinical trial we have used antitypertensive agent i.e., Losartan [AT-1 receptor blocker] and found it to be effective both in delaying the development of renal damage secondary to diabetes and avoidance of other major complications associated to diabetic nephropathy